poetic diction

Lonesome Water

~ Frank Hudson ~ Leave a comment

I hope you’ve been enjoying the bountiful crop of new musical pieces presented here this National Poetry Month.* Each of the dozen I’ve presented were based on poems found in Louis Untermeyer’s between-the-wars literary anthology Modern American Poetry.  Here’s another of the poets that Untermeyer noted then, but that time has forgotten: a Pennsylvania school-teacher named Roy Helton.**

This won’t be a long post today: there’s not much easily accessible information about Helton. Combining Untermeyer’s modest introduction of him in his anthology and the absence of much else surviving online even makes me wonder how Helton came to be included in the anthology. Others in the “haven’t heard of” class I’ve already presented this month seemed to be substantial poets in their era – prize winners or prominent in other ways – but Helton has only a handful of collections to be noted, and there’s a passing mention that he had things published in Atlantic Monthly magazine.***

One “dog that hasn’t barked” I see is that he attended the University of Pennsylvania and graduated there in 1908. He may well then have overlapped the early-20th century presence there of poets H.D., William Carlos Williams, Marianne Moore, and maybe even Ezra Pound. Did one of them recommend Helton? Another possible vector: while I have no information on Helton’s politics, there’s the possibility that he may have had lefty connections in circles that overlapped Untermeyer or someone else.

What’s remarkable about the small amount of his poetry that I’ve seen? Today’s piece “Lonesome Water”  impresses me when seen on the pages of Untermeyer’s anthology as a folk-song lyric. Again, no evidence, but it’s difficult to take in the words of it and not imagine that Helton didn’t sing it.**** Assuming one is OK with the dialect, it’s an attractive piece melding herb-doctor mysticism with plaintive rural hermitage. Untermeyer says Helton spent time in Kentucky and North Carolina, but given that he seems to have been based occupationally in Philadelphia the choice of writing in Appalachian mountain dialect seems to be a poetic diction (or folklorist) choice as deliberate as Hart Crane’s King James Version portrait from last time.

Lonesome Water

Some dialect vocabulary here challenges me. “Sang” is ginseng. Is “cliv” a regional pronunciation of cliff?

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Well, we don’t know if Helton sang, but the recording below says I sang it, best I could, to some music I had to supply to make that happen. I usually have trouble performing accents and dialect, but this one caused me fewer issues – maybe the spirit of Tennessee ancestor Susan Partain helped me out? Besides guitar, the other instrument I played on this track is the distinctive Appalachian regional instrument, the mountain dulcimer. You should be able to hear my performance with the audio player gadget below. Huh? Wasn’t some plant-enchantment hasn’t made that audio player invisible, you’re just are reading this in a manner that won’t show it. This highlighted link will open a new tab with its own audio player.

 

 

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*I also worry I may have oversaturated even the huge and avid market for rough-voiced singers doing presentations of literary poetry. It could have been even more bountiful, or overwhelming here, but #NPM2026 is coming to a close and I think I’ll only get one more musical presentation of a literary poem out by tomorrow – but I hope that’ll be a good one: a lesser-known Langston Hughes poem for Poem in Your Pocket Day. Three or four other pieces from Untermeyer’s anthology remain in various states of completion, and they may appear later this year.

**Helton taught at the Pennsylvania Friends Central School, a K-12 institution. I don’t have info on what he taught at that school. Imagist H.D. (Hilda Doolittle) attended this school, but that would have been before Helton’s time as a teacher.

***I can find nothing online searching at the Atlantic’s site, or generally, as to what kinds of things Helton published in that magazine. One short piece of light verse is quoted redundantly in the stub-entries that turn up in most web searches, something which may have been printed in the Atlantic: “Oaks are the true conservatives;/They hold old leaves till summer gives/A green exchange.”

****In case you wonder, the folk-song collector/singer/poet was a thing by the between-world-wars era. Carl Sandburg blazed that trail. Foundational creative writing professor and poet Edwin Ford Piper was another (and he supplied testimony that Robert Frost could be coaxed into singing a rowdy sea-shanty).

A note in the unreleased “talk” section of Helton’s Wikipedia stub says that he played Walt Whitman on stage in 1927, so one cite of performing.

Of course, the “literary ballad” has a long page-poetry tradition too. When the dialect or setting is some misty British Isles locale, Celtic fairyland, or ancient days it’s easier to accept its high culture bonafides. Helton’s narrator is an American lower-class contemporary and lacks any such exotic cache. Myself, I find poetry in this poem, but in American academic culture it must have been a harder lift to romanticize a speaker sounding like Pa Kettle or Jed Clampett.

Hart Crane’s “Hurricane”

~ Frank Hudson ~ 1 Comment

One of the things I liked about the early English language Modernists when I began to examine their pioneering works was their clean unshowy language. While they sometimes slipped into colloquialisms (Sandburg, Langston Hughes) their time and place was close enough to my own that I never felt they were trying to talk over my head and state of learning, even if the things they were portraying were extraordinary or profound, and even if they might choose to use inflection and inference to portray a great deal “off screen” from the frame of their poem. Poetry tends to remind itself to do something like that every so often. I can still remember reading Wordsworth’s Preface to Lyrical Ballads, and agreeing quite readily with his charge to poets of his time to write using the language of ordinary people.

But then too, Poets are always falling back into “poetic diction,” that uncontemporary and artificial language that signals what is being written is a poem,  you know, real art  asking you to pay special attention. The reasons for this are several. First, of it’s fun to play dress up – fun to wear crowns, put on capes and formal ball gowns, or try on suits of shining armor. We already have slipped from the pitch and timbre of ordinary speech when we are moved to sing, and when words want to dance, we don’t ask them to settle down and walk straight. Those are innocent, even childlike, reasons, but of course there are others that can be in the mix for those choices. One could make the choice as a poet hoping for an eternal audience, believing that one must speak in the language of many ages and epochs to help stake out that claim. Or there can be elements of simple insecurity: these words, that antique cast of phrase, will show that I’m not ordinary and my works are not either.

Young poets are prone to the latter, sometimes thinking their verse must sound like some old poem anachronistically written to sound like a poem and nothing else, to demonstrate that they have risen to poetry. Old poets can sometimes speak extraordinarily plainly. Perhaps they’ve worn all the costumes, engaged in all the playtimes, and have no future to gain with pretense.

Today’s poem, as are all of the poems this month, is from the pages of Louis Untermeyer’s between-the-wars “Modern American Poetry”  anthology, and is by a poet that never got to be an old poet, Hart Crane, who died at age 32.* A man who spent time in the tropics, Crane writes here about one of that region’s storms, where winds whip waves and rain until the two are one, blowing down and inundating nature and man’s constructions. Here’s a link to the full text of “The Hurricane.”  Or, here’s the text of the poem and an interesting discussion of it and Hart Crane by Allen Ginsberg.

Hart Crane's Death reported in the NYT

Things modern will soon seem quaint. As terrible as the news conveyed in this circumspect newspaper report reads to me today, with it’s sea voyage delays, creaky “wireless,” and a “Captain Blackadder,” it seems of another age. The father mentioned had disowned Hart Crane, and that family wealth involved was based on a type of candy: the round hole-in-the-middle Lifesavers.

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Had he witnessed one or more hurricanes in his young life in the early 20th century? I don’t know any details, but he doesn’t write his poem as if he’s seeing Model T Fords floating down streets as asphalt shingles are scaled off roofs and telephone and power wires play double-Dutch in flooded ditches. Nope. Crane’s poem is written in language made up of parts Anglo-Saxon epithets and alliteration, parts Marlowvian bombast. Why? I don’t know, but his poem is fun to read, even when my vocabulary’s pride is bruised by “levin-lathered” and “gambade.”*

I performed Hart’s “The Hurricane”   as spoken word backed by a rock quintet, two cross-current electric guitars, pelting piano chords with the drum sets levin-gambade, and an electric bass undertow. You can hear that performance with the audio player gadget below. No audio player? It hasn’t been erased by a storm, it’s just that some ways of reading this poem won’t show the player, and so I offer this highlighted link that will open a new tab with its own audio player.

 

 

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*Reading about Crane’s life this week I’m both sad and exasperated, and this Monday is the 94th anniversary of his throwing himself off a boat sailing from Mexico. There’s plenty of reasons for his inability to find his place in the world: a dysfunctional family, society’s lack of acceptance of his sexuality, likely bipolar depression, the innate difficulty of establishing a writing career, alcoholism; but reading accounts from folks who tried to help him he seems quite a handful. I’m probably being uncharitable – the storms inside Hart Crane would take more than this poem to describe.

**Levin is a word for lightning, something I didn’t know. I assumed gambade might be a variation of gambol, which is pretty much correct, a leap – and like Parlando, I think I might have run into it as description of a musical articulation, as used here describing thunder.