Month: December 2023

Storm Fear

~ Frank Hudson ~ Leave a comment

Of all the English language poets who have achieved a general readership, it’s likely that Robert Frost is the most misunderstood. I don’t say that to shame that broad audience — after all, in my youth, when asked to read Frost, he seemed too full of tired maxims and quaint commonplace situations. Sure he comforts folks I ignorantly thought, and maybe I undervalued comfort, but that wasn’t what I was looking for.*

I won’t blame that youth I was then too much. I was onto other things — but as far as Frost goes, I was carelessly understanding his best work too quickly. Decades later, partly as a result of this Project, I came to his short lyrical poems, beginning to appreciate their supple word-music — and then once beguiled, I began to see what he’d put in these concise pieces.

“Stopping by the Woods” isn’t about lollygagging when there’s duties to do.  “The Road Not Taken”  isn’t about the so-consequential road taken. This poem, “Storm Fear”  from Frost’s first collection, A Boy’s Will, isn’t about settling down to a little hygge-time in a winter snowstorm. Here’s a link to that poem’s text if you want to follow along.

Maybe it’s its concision, or the careful way Frost uses incremental details, but this poem was first published in 1915 and yet the horror it contains seems to have passed most readers by. As I read it this month, now more attuned to how Frost can work, my first thought was this is as harrowing as Bob Dylan’s “Hollis Brown”  or as stark as Bruce Springsteen’s Nebraska  album.

My first reminder as you read this poem is that it’s set in a circa 1900 rural America that was more isolated than you might imagine today. Farm families didn’t always have daily connections with others, and those institutions that offered connections: churches, shopping towns, exchanged labor, and rural schools were episodic. Long winter nights and snowstorms restricted what travel there was. Frost himself went through a brief attempt at living that farm life in this era. Perhaps he had a writer’s lighthouse-keeper fantasy of splendid, thoughtful isolation. His poetry testifies that he learned the reality.

Frost’s poem opens with a snowstorm in progress in the nighttime. How many poems, stories, blog posts, other accounts portray such a scene? Frost wants to let us know this isn’t a greeting card picture. The wind is a “beast” and it’s curiously imploring “Come out!” How many readers will miss this odd inclusion and take it as so much filler merely indicating that there’s a wind?**

The poem’s speaker, who we’ll find out is a young husband in the house with a wife and child, responds that it doesn’t take much interior debate to not obey what the beast outside is requesting. He’s thinking: there’s a storm, I’m staying in.

Then we get a different calculation. He tells us about the wife and child. They’re asleep, there’s no awake partner to bounce ideas off of. Suddenly he’s worried about the isolated farmhouse’s sole source of heat, a wooden fire. I think the implication here is that at the very least he thinks he needs to visit an outside woodpile. Or perhaps the winter has been hard enough that he’s short on fuel.

In the poem’s concluding scene, he’s now set on going outside. In the snowhills and blowing snow, even the barn looks “far away.” Is he even considering trying to make it to a neighbors for fuel? Is he making a difficult but sane decision, or is his isolation and “cabin fever” such that he’s thinking of making a risky trip for less than necessity?

Storm Fear 1

I thought too of the deadly rural winter isolation of Susan Glaspell’s “Trifles” reading today’s Frost poem.

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Let me note one other thing about the poem. For Frost, the famous formalist, this poem’s form is very irregular. Poetic feet, meter, rhyme scheme? It’s all over the place, though periodic iambs are there in the confusion. Formalists who teach Frost would likely skip over this example for lessons. Workshopping this poem with a formalist? I can imagine the markup.

In setting “Storm Fear”  for performance I was able to deal with the irregularities in Frost’s design, but then I’ve worked in this Project with a lot of outright free verse and have found it not as difficult to sing or mesh with music as some might guess. But when you’re performing (rather than writing a page poem) there are a couple of things you might want to add stress to: a sense of repetitive or choral structure and some additional guidance to the listener to intrigue understanding on one listening.

My choice here was to make the poem’s 7th and 8th lines into a refrain that repeats twice more, the last with a variation. The first time we hear “It costs no inward struggle not to go,/Ah no!” we hear it as the easy rejection of the beast-storm’s call. The second time, as the singer thinks of his wife and child, it seems more as a statement of the imperative for him to take action and leave into the storm. And in the final statement at the end of the song, he’s about to enter the storm thinking he must seek aid.

Would Frost have approved of my changes? Who knows. He was a man of strong opinions and an often brusque manner. Many poets or their rights-holders would forbid changing even a word. But this old poem is in the public domain now, I need no permission, and I hope my setting honors the intent of Robert Frost.***

You can hear my musical performance of “Storm Fear”  with the audio player gadget you may see below. Is that player snowed out?  This highlighted link will open a new tab with its own audio player in those cases.

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*So yes, I was a dolt about Frost, but not singular in that ignorance. Frost’s first two poetry collections were published in England after he left America for there. One reason for that hejira: American publishers were not in the least interested in his poetry. Frost was nearing 40 when A Boy’s Will  was published. So at least in 1915, the experts were also misreading Frost.

**Some Faustian readings of this poem take that beast as The Beast — that the poem’s speaker is a sinner being stalked by his sins’ debt collector. Frost may have been aware of that implication, though it doesn’t strike me as consistent with what I understand of Frost’s own theology. Making the wind “howl” or “growl” is a commonplace, and calling it outright a beast may be stronger — but if enough readers miss the eminent dread in this poem, maybe it wasn’t strong enough.

***Generalizing, poets who feel they’ve worked their words with a fine touch are often resistant to editing by collaborative outsiders. Since Faust has entered the chat, I think of the collaboration between Bob Dylan and Archibald MacLeish who were slated to do an adaptation of Steven Vincent Benét’s “The Devil and Daniel Webster”  for Broadway. MacLeish knew Benét, and likely thought he could do right by his late friend’s work. Dylan has his ways, and MacLeish had his — so the two fell out, and Dylan’s songs in progress for the play were not used. The eventual Broadway production bombed. Dylan used some of the songs later on his own. His “Father of Night”  is often attributed as one of those rejected songs.

Since There Is No Escape: Thanatopsis-Turvy.

~ Frank Hudson ~ 1 Comment

Here’s another piece that has been in process for nearly a month. It’s also another that I’ve held back because I feared it would be either disturbing or unattractive. It should be apparent by now that this Project doesn’t exactly pander to an audience — what with its inconsistency and stubborn variety — but I do sincerely appreciate those who take some of their time to read or listen to it. So let me explain.

Sara Teasdale’s “Since There Is No Escape”  is a piece of gothic romanticism. Since my tastes are wide-ranging, it’s not the first time I’ve touched on that strain of expression — “The Dark Cavalier”  from earlier this month would be another example. These are pieces with a kind of dark beauty to them, and therein is the danger. For, at least to some, there’s a simplifying morbid pull to that kind of thing.

Do gothic pieces impel that kind of response? They have a defense. I wrote that “The Dark Cavalier”  implies skeptical elements while expressing the dank promises of death. “Since There Is No Escape”  might be said to go further, presenting itself as a memento mori exercise, a way of praising life by starkly expressing the inevitability of death. As an old person I’ll frankly acknowledge that the ending of any expectation of unlimited numbers of years ahead of me motivates me in getting on with what I do. At my age, my cohort of fellow art-workers near and far from me are dying off. Yes, that’s inevitable, but I’m not going to put on a big black-crepe production about it either. Let it get me off my butt and onto my work — but beyond that, those concerns could just get in the way and constrict my vision.

Teasdale means to say nearly the same thing, but with poetry it isn’t so much about what is said (unlike a book or essay) but more about what it feels like to say it. The emotional moment in this poem is stuck a bit — and it’s a short poem which contains only a moment — in the contemplation of death and the romanticism of life and song against it. If “The Dark Cavalier”  sees death as a lover who promises to be faithful, a quality many lovers promise with crossed finger bones, the “Since There Is No Escape’s”  singer sees death as a chief magnifier of the author’s art.

Maybe that’s so. Maybe there’s no escape from that: that we value the transience of life, love, and art because it’s transient. Memento mori is a motivator, as I acknowledge, but it can get in the way of living, which has a right to the flavor of the inconsequential and the illusionary non-obsolescence of the present.

Teasdale not having it

An oft used picture of Sara Teasdale. I’m struck by the enigmatic expression.

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All this sounds like I’m dragging on Teasdale, whose word-music pulls me in, and whose poetry is worthy of greater attention. It’s not that simple. The poète maudit stance can be overvalued as the only true outlook — it’s not the only way to frame life and living — but poetry and song that expresses those emotions allows us to examine those feelings in ourselves, in others. That then is my explanation: those who believe life is richer and stranger can find value in examining and acknowledging that gothic outlook.

A few words on the music for today’s audio piece. I’d like to give a romantic explanation for the elaborate ensemble you’ll hear when you listen to it: three (count’em) three pianos, two Mellotron parts, organ, upright bass, drums, and a large mixed chorus of voices. I could write about the music trying to express the richness of life that Teasdale says she’ll miss, or that those are the choral voices of sweet and solemn death angels singing above us temporary earth dwellers.

Don’t let anyone else know, but that fair field full of folk set of sounds is due to my setting up a new more powerful audio production computer because I’ve finally started to run into issues with larger numbers of more demanding virtual instruments in some of my arrangements. This music was motivated by me layering in a bunch of those VIs to see that I’d successfully reauthorized them, and to test that the upgraded computer was able to run them at low latency settings without glitching. Perhaps this is a parable: that you can find substance while you are only concerned with the mundane, since it was freeing to play the various lines on these instruments on my plastic piano keyboard unconcerned with their lasting success.

To hear my performance of Sara Teasdale’s “Since There Is No Escape”  you can use a graphical player you should see below. No player? There’s still a way, this highlighted link will open a new tab with its own audio player. Those wanting to follow along with the text of the poem can find it at this link.

The Oxen

~ Frank Hudson ~ 1 Comment

As stories go, the Christmas birth story as it has been accumulated through the centuries is quite the thing, isn’t it? Let me be honest with you: the overall theological interjections, who Jesus is, what he means, what is his relationship with what is a godhead are philosophical questions. Perhaps they are of supreme importance (some believe this so), but philosophy makes my head hurt. I may be an indifferent singer, but as a poet or poetry audience it’s the song that attracts me. Music, even small music, is sensory, it resonates. And if one takes all the things that have been added to the Christmas story, it’s the shepherds in the field, not the big angelic hosannas or even salvation — it’s the details that grab me.

One of my favorite Christmas posts by this project was my adaptation of Longfellow’s “Three Kings”  from three years ago. My adaptation focused on a new mother watching the breathing of her infant while the wisemen wizard’s gifts are explained in eschatological terms. What a contrast that is!

This year I decided to set this decidedly rural Thomas Hardy poem “The Oxen.”  which deals with one of the miracles that have been added as details to the Christmas manger scene. Hardy brings a novelist’s gift to his poem. His Christmas birth story is told as a story within a story within a story: countryside English children of Hardy’s youth’s era being told around a fireside that since there were stabled oxen in attendance to the Incarnation on the first Christmas, they and their kin were struck then, and ever after on its anniversary, with the need to kneel and worship the babe.

The speaker in the poem, telling us of being told this story is savvy. He recalls that no child on that hearthside wondered if the elder telling the tale had made it up. Those workaday adults seemed to have no time for authoring fantasy tales — and, in point of fact, they didn’t make it up. Like all great folklore, it’s a miracle of which we don’t know the author of.

So, the poem closes with two Christmas miracles: the cattle bowing in worship every Christmas Eve as midnight comes, and the miracle of plain, ordinary folks telling a joyous tale. Hardy closes by saying he wants the continued promise of those miracles.

Manger 6

The ox may be worshipful, but the donkey may just be asking when baby Jesus can get out of the hay supply

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As so often with things these days I had to set this poem to music quickly. As quickly as I wrote the music, I then had to wait for a couple of days for when the unscheduled time came that I could record it. I had trouble fretting the guitar that afternoon. I had had to scrub my hands hard to remove grease and dirt from doing some bicycle maintenance earlier that day, and my fingertips were still softened, a bit raw, and not ready for the wires. Still, I managed to get the basic tracks down. I added the rest of the parts you can hear in the performance below with my Little Plastic Keyboard which didn’t challenge the fingers so much. The sound I wanted to add, even in the drum parts, was bell-like — Clarence-angels getting their wings — but listening back to the result I think, unconsciously, I was recreating some of the sound of “Tim Hardin 3 Live in Concert,”  a document of a gig the addicted singer and guitarist performed so high, despite it being a recorded date, that the skilled Jazz musicians playing with him had to dance en-pointe to try to follow him. That tension, that seeking concord, that going to the stable expecting a miracle and dealing with what one finds instead, is to me the very spirit of Christmas.

You can hear my performance of Thomas Hardy’s “The Oxen”  with the audio player gadget below. No player to unwrap? This highlighted link is another way to hear it, as it will open a new tab with its own audio player.

Anna Akhmatova’s “Love”

~ Frank Hudson ~ 3 Comments

It wasn’t a conscious plan, but I’ve been pretty tough on love within recent presentations here. Today’s piece from Russian poet Anna Akhmatova continues that, but it wasn’t something I just started to work on either. My efforts on this 1912 love poem “Liubov”  began when I did a fresh English translation of it last June. Perhaps because of its striking winter imagery, I decided not to publish it until later in the year. I stuck with this decision even though I’d also completed writing the music eventually used for the performance you can hear below.

It was only this week when I decided it was winter enough to complete my work on this, and oh does Akhmatova’s “Love”  fit in with the Australian poet Kenneth Slessor’s “Wild Grapes”  and Margaret Widdemer’s “The Dark Cavalier.”   Her poem wastes no time making its sinister case for distrusting love: it opens with a cold-blooded snake shape-shifting itself into a frosty heart, persistent, and pretending to be as harmless as a dove. It ends with the poet warning others that desire “Knows how to cry so sweetly/with prayers of an aching violin” and its final statement that the hint of interest shown by any man’s smile now sends fears, warning, to the poem’s speaker.

It’s such an arresting statement that it sounds like the judgement of a woman’s hard-won experience. One never knows with poets and their conjured personas, but this is a poem of a young woman, written when Akhmatova was in her early 20s, and the poet herself later rejected her early work off-hand as “naïve poems by a frivolous girl.”*  Yet, even by that age she was already participating in avant-garde circles within an adventurous life of shifting romantic alliances.**

Akhmatova by Modigliani

Portrait of the young Akhmatova reclining on a couch by Modigliani

Anna Akhmatova on couch

Later photo of Akhmatova on a couch. “Is that a smiling winter snake-heart-dove at my frosty window? I’m in no mood to get up to answer.”

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In my translation (which relied on English literal glosses as I don’t speak Russian) I followed my usual practice: to try to determine what images the poet is presenting, and then to vividly portray them in a way in contemporary English language word-music, even if that’s not closely tied to the original “tune” of the poem’s native language. I thought the solutions I came up with for this poem worked well, and I hoped my instrumental music would add to that. I had recorded the basic tracks of energetically strummed acoustic guitar and my vocal first, and then found it somewhat difficult this month to work out a keyboard part to flesh out some additional melodic interest. I tried to follow myself with the added keyboard arpeggiation, but the eccentricities of the rhythm was challenging. My final judgement was the tension of my attempts might be a feature not a bug, and perhaps you’ll find it so too. You can hear the musical performance of my translation of Anna Akhmatova’s poem “Love”  with the audio player below. If you see no player, this alternate method is offered: you can use this highlighted link which will open a new tab with its own audio player.

*Akmatova’s life was complicated by more than love affairs, as she lived through two world wars, a revolution, and shifting and threatening political currents in the USSR. It’s not impossible for older writers to see their work as a progression and to discount the fondness readers have for their previous work, but living through such history suggests that shifting cultural expectations could have made expressing such doubts an external expectation.

**From choice, chance, and restriction, she lived her life within the bounds of the old USSR. However, before this poem was published, she’d traveled to Paris where she met artists and writers there. If Gertrude Stein had her Picasso portrait to display in her famous French apartment, Akhmatova had a portrait by Modigliani which she carried with her and displayed in her living spaces throughout her life.

The Dark Cavalier

~ Frank Hudson ~ 1 Comment

Long time readers here will know I’ve referred several times to an observation by former US Poet Laureate Donald Hall that I’ve called Donald Hall’s Law. Here’s how I’ve recorded what Hall wrote:

The majority of poets who receive prizes, notice and ample publication in their time, will be unread 20 years after their death.

If they are unread at 20 years post-mortem, their fate beyond that rarely changes, save by scattered efforts like this weird Project and its versatile readers and listeners. So, today’s piece is by one such awarded and forgotten poet, Margaret Widdemer. I can’t really claim that Widdemer is a great talent awaiting rediscovery. I fear some antiquated elements in her poetry make reading her in large doses more of an academic exercise. As an indifferent scholar with many other tasks in this project, I can only say I’ve skimmed her work. Yet, per Hall’s Law, she was a prolific oft-published prize winner. Widdemer was first published as a novelist in 1915, and in the silent film era several of her novels were adapted into movies. Her poetry has several modes and subjects, and she wrote selections dealing with social issues, including child labor and women’s suffrage. Perhaps the height of her prize-winning resume came fairly early, when she tied Carl Sandburg in the voting for the 1919 Pulitzer Prize for poetry, becoming the co-winner that year. Anyone who knows me knows I maintain that Sandburg is due for a reappraisal — but if Sandburg’s undervalued, he at least has a current value. If Widdemer was his peer in 1919, her stock has long ago dropped off the literary stock exchange.

Widdemer’s Pulitzer Prize winning poetry collection was The Old Road to Paradise,  and it contained a representative mix of what I’ve seen while skimming her poetry. She writes rhymed verse, and her poems often seem to have music implied in their structure and prosody — you could class many of them as literary ballads or songs. Despite this structure, I’m unaware that she’s been commonly set to music by composers.*

At least to me, the most interesting of Widdemer’s work combines that “just asking for a musical setting” structure with strong fantasy elements.**  Given that fantasy literature retains cultural interest in the present day, these Widdemer poems are the ones that might have revival interest. Today’s selection “The Dark Cavalier,”  included in her Pulitzer book, is one such poem. Furthermore, if it was written more recently and set to music, we’d easily see it genre-wise as Goth. It certainly risks being disturbing, the poem being spoken by a seductive Death who wishes to lure the weary or troubled listener to settle for his stable and grave-set romance. The poem’s outlook is such that one could feel that reprints should have footnotes about the 988 number established for those dealing with suicidal thoughts. Yet it seems to be one of the relatively-known of her nearly-unknown works, and it was selected in 1958 as the title for a late selected poems collection.

Dark Cavalier

I didn’t know Widdemer married a cellist when I composed this, but this setting is acoustic guitar with a simple string quartet accompaniment.

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In musical performance I tried to undercut the poem’s speaker’s luring spiel, to bring out a little of the subsumed caddishness in a suitor who offers an everlasting relationship, when we know, that even for prize-winning poets, their attention will quickly fade.

You can hear my performance of the musical setting I did for Margaret Widdemer’s “The Dark Cavalier”  with the audio player gadget you may see below. No player to be seen? Some ways of reading this blog will suppress that player, so I offer this highlighted link that will open a new tab with its own audio player.

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*Widdemer married the year she received the Pulitzer. Her husband was also a prolific author, but it’s also said he was a proficient cellist who wrote book-length biographies of composers.

**One recent reader noted that she wrote a poem about a “Gray Magician” in “Middle Earth” before Tolkien, which indicates that Widdemer may have had some knowledge like JRRT did of Old English. I also suspect that she must have been aware of the revival of interest in older British Isles folk-music by Cecil Sharp, Francis James Child, et al.

Wild Grapes

~ Frank Hudson ~ 2 Comments

I left a comment on the Fourteen Lines blog last month when I saw he’d posted this Kenneth Slessor poem. I didn’t know the poem, but I wrote that blog’s host that he and I may be the only Americans who appreciate Kenneth Slessor.

Slessor is an Australian poet, and Australia is a long way off, but then over in our hemisphere we’re not obligated to keep all the poets of the first half of the 20th century in mind either. I know little about his life other than the short-ish Wikipedia article. I did a more elaborate search a few years back, and I recall he was considered by some as a pioneering Modernist in his country.*

Some of his poems I’ve read don’t move me on encounter. There are elements in his verse at times that vaguely remind me of a troop of other British poets contemporary to Slessor in the U. K. What is that that leaves me cold in that field of first half-century British poets? Stilted, too formal language, non-vital metaphors, musicality that can only barely contest those first two failures. This could be my failing, my taste may not be yours, and another apprehension (mis or otherwise) of mine is that there’s a whiff of posh-boy entitlement and clubishness in too many. I’m a Midwestern American, I could be wildly misjudging this. I make no claim of authority.

But no matter that, because his best poems move me like few other pieces of verse can. They have Modernism’s Classicism streak, that idea that the poet doesn’t always presume to tell you what the characters in the poem think, nor does he directly tell you what to think about what goes on, even though the selection of what he portrays intends an effect.

I know nothing of Slessor’s poetic influences.**  In the Wikipedia article someone says he was compared by someone favorably to Yeats. I’d have to squint to see that one. Someone else said Baudelaire, and I can see that somewhat, though Slessor avoids the bad-boy-boast persona. Indeed, in my favorite Slessor poems, he’s not in them at all, he’s just the observer, and we only know him by his senses — which as we read those poems, become our senses.

Such a poem is “Wild Grapes.”  I can see and smell the marshy landscape, the broken orchard, and the sight, the shape, the texture, the musky taste of a wild black grape.

Isabella Grapes

Isabella grapes, not a greatly loved variety by connoisseurs.

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Then as the poem reaches its penultimate stanza, a bit of mystery arrives. There is a sense there of a ghost, a “dead girl” named the same as the grape variety — and as the poem moves to its conclusion, seen as a union of the two, before we move to a final disturbing line.

Ending poems is hard — at least I find it so. I could generate a hundred good starting lines, and yet with the same effort still not come up with a single good last one. Slessor’s last line grabs me. There’s a reason the ghost’s spirit stays in the deserted place. Maybe it’s her similarity to that wild black grape. Or maybe it’s some emblazoned event, before the orchard was abandoned, its sweet fruits of apple and cherry still tastable and ripe. The poem’s voice only suggests: kissed or killed there. Is there a dichotomy, a distance between those two suggestions? Perhaps Slessor intended that — but here’s what I think: I read that line, implying an “and” not the written “or,” as a vivid allusion of sexual violence.***

You can hear my performance of Kenneth Slessor’s “Wild Grapes”  with an audio player many will see below. No player? This highlighted link will open a new tab with it’s own audio player.

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*He wrote poetry between the end of WWI and the end of WWII, so not in the very first wave of Modernism elsewhere, but Australian culture might have lagged a bit from Britain, France, and the U. S.

**I can see Rilke and Robert Frost in his poetry, and there’s nothing outlandish to think he might be familiar with their work. A prominent object in this poem are grapes, and I thought of this poem by Rilke, and this one by Frost, which also feature that fruit — but I don’t know. Though my favorite Slessor poems are more sensuous, there’s an epitaph character sometimes that reminds me of a somewhat forgotten early American Modernist, Edgar Lee Masters.

***I suspect more women, from more experience of violence chained with sexuality, would see that reading. Slessor wrote “or,” and his typewriter had other keys if he wanted to use them. He could just be musing on a range of things and the unknowability of the lives on what sounds like a plot once occupied by lower-class settlers or convict exiles from Ireland.